World Geography Knowledge

Universe

The study of universe is known as Cosmology .

The universe is commonly Defined As the totality of everything that exists including all physical matter and energy, the planet, star, galaxy, and the contents of intergalatic space.

Galaxy A galaxy is a vast system of billion of stars, dust and light gases bound by their own gravity. There are hundred billion galaxies in the universe and each galaxy has, on average, !00 billion stars.

Our galaxy is Milk Way Galaxy formed after the Big Bang.

Andromeda is nearest galaxy to the milk way.

The Big Bang Theory Big Bang was an explosion of concentrated matter in the universe that occurred 15 billion year ago leading the formation of galaxies of star and other heavenly bodies.

 Major Rivers Of The World

River	Origin
Nile	Victoria Lake
Amazon	Andes(Peru)
Yangtze	Tibetan kIang Plateu
Mississippi Missouri	Itaska Lake(usa)
Yenisei	Tannu-Ola Mountains
Huang ho	Kunlun Mountains
Ob	Altai Mountains
Congo	Lualaba and Luapula rivers
Amur	North East China
Lena	Baikal Mountain
Mekong	Tibetan Highlands
Niger	Guinea

Important Lakes Of The World

Lakes	Location
Caspian sea	Asia
Superior	Canada And USA
Victoria	Africa
Huron	Canada and USA
Michigan	USA
Tanganyika	Africa
Baikal	Russia
Great Beer	Canada
Aral	Kazakshtan
Great Slave	Canada

Great Desert Of The World

Name	Country/Location
Sahara	North Africa
Australian(Gibson, Simpson), Victorian Great Sandy	Australia
Arabian (Rub Al Khali)	Arabia
Dasht-E-Lut (Barren Desert)	Iran
Dasht-e-Kavir (Salt Desert)	Iran
Deserto de Sechura	Peru
Atacama	North Chile
Patagonia	Argentina
Kalahari	Botswana
Namib	Namibia

Important GK Odisha

 Important Spring In Odisha

Name Of The Spring	Location/District
Kapilas	Dhenkanal
Chandikhol	Cuttack
Mahavinayak Barunei	Khudha
Narayani	Puri
Nirmal Jhar	Near khalikot in Ganjam District
Gosing Jhar	Near Kantilo In Nayagarh District
Koilighugar	Jharsugda
Jharbada	Near Malayaagiri In Dhenkanal District

Important/upcoming/ Ports Of Odisha

Name Of The Port	District
palur	Ganjam
Bali-Harichandi	Puri
Astrang	Puri
Bahuda Muhan (sonepur)	Ganjam
Chudamani
Inchudi	Balasore
Chandipur	Balasore
Kirtania	Balasore
Bahabalpur	Balasore
Jatadhar Muhana	Jagatsinghpur

Airport And Airstrips In Odisha

Name Of The Airports, Airstrips and Aerodromes	Place
Savitri Jindal Airport	Angul
Rasgovindapur Airstrip	Balasore
Barbil Tonto Aerodrome	Barbil
Bijupattnaik International Airport	BBSR
Berhampur Airport	Berhampur
Charbatia Airstrip	Cuttack
Hirakud Airstrip	Sambalpur
Jaipur Airstrip	Jaipur
Jeypur Airstrip	Jeypur
Veer Surendra Sai Airport	Jharsugda
Kendujhar Airstrip	Kendujhar
Lanjigargh Airstrip	Lanjigarh
Phulbani Airstrip	Phulbani
Rourkela Airport	Rourkela
Nawapra Airport	Nuapada
Utkela Airstrip	Bhawanipatna
Birsal Airstrip	Dhenakanal
Satibhata Airstrip	Bargarh
Therubali Airport	Rayagada

CLIMATE DETAILS

 What is climate ?

While the weather changes every day and a hot and humid day can be followed by a rainy one, the climate of a region remains the same for a long time. Thus, the summer season at the north sea is generally cooler than in Freiburg and the winter season is rather cold and damp and not as snowy as in the alps. The climate is driven by the sun, which heats up the air and gives rise to winds such as the trade wind. The ocean and the ocean currents also affect world climate, an instance of which can be seen in the way things turn topsy-turvy due to occurrence 'El Nino'. The climate also undergoes long term changes-the last ice age is a good example of this.

How the weather change ?

Unlike climate, weather depends on the seasons and can also change anytime. Meteorologist predict in the evening how the weather will be the next day. The weather is driven by the sun, which heats up the ground and the water surfaces. Evaporated water creates clouds from which thunderstorm build up, and the ensuing bursts of thunder and lightning make us flinch. Every time a cyclone hits the tropical regions, lashing rain sends  people running for cover.

Where does the rain comes from?

Water evaporates when the sun shines on oceans, seas, or wet grounds or when wind blows over them. The water vapour rises up and get converted again into tiny droplets from clouds which are carried here and there by the wind. If they rise further such as on a high mountain crest, they become colder and turn into large raindrops, small ice crystal and hailstones. These are heavy and fall to the ground as rain, and water seeps into the ground. This water return to the sea as ground water, rivers and streams. This cyclical process known as 'water cycle'.

Fact about Volcanoes

 How are Volcano formed ?

Volcanoes are Natural phenomenon that occur every where, but some places are more prone than the others. The molten rock and gas in the mantle called magma pushes its way upward and pours to the surface through crack in the crust , this is volcano. There are different types of volcano; some are explosive others are not, and all erupts as spectacularly as we see on the television. Some eruptions takes place unexpectedly, But others can be predicted, which is very important for the people living near a volcano.

Why do we have different types of volcano ?

Since material coming out of the earth's core is different in different areas, the resultant changes are also different. If the magma is very hot, more than 1000 degree C, it is dark, thin and mostly flows quietly. The side of such volcanoes have gradual slopes. Colder, and hence more viscous, magma often erupts in explosion. The volcanic cone is steeper. Because of the heat in the Earth's core, geysers (water fountains), solfataras (discharge of hot sulfuric gases),and hot water sources are found near the volcano. These often used for heating in places such as iceland .

How can we predict volcanic prediction eruption ?

Because of volcanoes are highly erratic, it becomes very difficult to predict volcanic eruptions. But there are ways of saving lives. Early tremors and earthquakes are often sign of volcanic eruption -gases are emitted and the volcano expands by a few centimeters to a meter . The volcanologist carefully observed these sign. In 1991, before the eruption of the Pinatubo in philippines, these sign were interpreted correctly and over 10,000 people were moved to safer palaces. However, people often do not believe the scientists, prediction. In 1985, before the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz in Columbia, though the danger was predicted every early, the authorities did not react quickly and, as a result, 25,000 people died.

Why do people live near volcanoes ?

Farmers prefer to settle near volcanoes because the soil is very fertile due to the lava and volcanic ash deposits. When the volcano erupts, people leave the place for some time, and return to the risk zone after the eruption because the safer places are already inhabited, More over, for many people the around the volcano is home. which they do not want to leave.

wikipedia link for more details:-

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano#:~:text=A%20volcano%20is%20a%20rupture,magma%20chamber%20below%20the%20surface.

How did we discover that the Earth is round ?

 About 3000 year ago people believe that the earth was flat. But people wondered why ships disappeared at the horizon. Sailor too returned from journeys and were proof that ships did not fall off the edge of the Earth. The simplest explanation was :the Earth must be round.The final proof come in the year 1522 after the expedition of Ferdinand Magellan,Who was the first to sail around the earth.

Why we do not fall from the Earth ?

Gravity is the force of the Earth that attracts every object toward itself. From our perspective this force always act downwords. For a long time people did not believe that the Earth is round then the people 'underneaath"the sphere would have actually fallen down. In 1687,a physicist issac Newton, prooved that the force of gravity always acts towards the center of the Earth.On the Earth,The force of gravitation always acts 'downwords' irrespect of Eskimos in the Artic region, people in Europe or in habbitants of australa.

What is the atmosphere made up of ?

The word 'atmosphere' means a gaseous cover enveloping a planet. With out atmosphere life would have not been possible on the Earth. One fifth of the atmosphere is Oxygen and four-fifth is Nitrogen. Like the earth interior. The atmosphere too is made up of several layers. All animal and planet lived in the lower most layer of the atmosphere called the troposphere. All weather phenomena take place in the troposphere. Even aeroplanes fly in the outer edge of the troposphere. The stratosphere ,the mesosphere, the iono sphere and the exosphere lie above the traposphere.

What is the external structure of the earth ?

 External structure of the Earth 

It has been known for more than 2000 years that the earth is round,But we were able to actually see this much later only when we flew into space.

The knowledge why we don't fall from the earth is much more recent.A journey as described by author jules verne in his book journey to the centre of the earth was,after all,impossible.Only one thing was known : The earth is made up of soil,rocks and water.

Today we know that the earth is also surrounded by an air cover called atmosphere.

Internal structure of the earth 

Like an onion, the earth has several layers.The outer most layer, the earth crust has an average depth of about 40 km. As compared with the diameter of the earth, which is around 12,700km,the earth crust is very small. It is primarily made up of solid rocks, below the crust is the mantle consist of solid and molten rocks. Below the mantle is the core,made up of iron and nickel.The deeper one travels inside the earth,the hotter it is.

The temperature in the core is between 4000 5000°C.

Top 10 longest River in india

 

Longest River in India

Top 10 longest rivers in India
Sr. No.	River	Length in India (km)	Total Length (km)
1.	Ganga	2525	2525
2.	Godavari	1464	1465
3.	Krishna	1400	1400
4.	Yamuna	1376	1376
5.	Narmada	1312	1312
6.	Indus	1114	3180
7.	Brahmaputra	916	2900
8.	Mahanadi	890	890
9.	Kaveri	800	800
10.	Tapti	724	724

List of Countries and their National Games in the world - Learneindia

Name of countries and national games in the world

 This article will give the full list of Countries and their National Games which is useful for you in general knowledge questions for various competitive exams or government exam of every state level and all india.

Name of the countries.      National Games

1. Afganistan.                          Buzkashi

2. Australia.               .            Cricket

3. Bangladesh.                       Kabbadi

4. Bhutan.                              Archery

5. Brazil.                                Capoeira

6. Bulgeria.                           Weight lifting

7. Canada.                             Ice hockey and lacrosse

8. Chile.                                 Chilean rodea

9. China.                               Ping pong

10. Columbia.                      Tezo

11. England.                        Cricket

12. France.                           Football

13. India.                              Hockey

14. Israel.                              Football

15. Italy.                                Football

16. Indonesia.                      Badminton    

17. Iran.                                Wrestling

18. Spain.                              Bull fighting

19. Russia.                             Chess

20.Scotland.                         Rugby Football

21.Japan.                               Ju-jistu

22. USA.                                  Baseball

23. Pakistan.                         Hockey

24. Nepal.                             Dandibigo

25. Srilanka.                       Vollyball

26. Switzerland.                Shooting and gymnastics

27. Turkey.                        Oil wrestling

28. Tajakistan.                   Gushtigiri

29. Venezuela.                   Baseball

This list of Countries and their National Games will useful for your eny competitive exams like SSC,RRB, Upsc,state level exam and any other